Feline Panleukopenia pada Kucing: Tinjauan terhadap Patogenesis, Diagnosis, dan Strategi Penenangannya

Abstract

Feline panleukopenia is a highly contagious viral disease in cats that can cause high morbidity and mortality, particularly in young and unvaccinated cats. This study aimed to comprehensively review the pathogenesis, diagnostic methods, and treatment of feline panleukopenia based on recent literature. A literature review was conducted by collecting and examining relevant articles on feline panleukopenia through Google Scholar, focusing on publications from the past five years. The selected articles were analyzed descriptively to obtain information related to the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of the disease. The results showed that Feline Panleukopenia Virus (FPV) is primarily transmitted through the fecal–oral route and exhibits tropism for rapidly dividing cells, particularly those in the bone marrow, lymphoid tissues, and intestinal crypts. Viral replication in hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues contributes to leukopenia and immunosuppression, while intestinal crypt damage causes gastrointestinal disturbances. Diagnosis is established through the integration of anamnesis, clinical examination, hematological assessment, and rapid antigen testing, with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) serving as a confirmatory method in selected cases. Treatment is primarily supportive and symptomatic, including fluid therapy, control of vomiting and diarrhea, nutritional support, and antibiotics to prevent or manage secondary bacterial infections. The findings highlight the importance of early diagnosis, appropriate supportive care, vaccination, and biosecurity in controlling FPV infection.