BONUS DEMOGRAFI DI ERA ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: TANTANGAN GEOSTRATEGI INDONESIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69714/aggb4605Keywords:
Artificial Intelligence, demographic bonus, Indonesian geostrategyAbstract
Indonesia is currently navigating a crucial phase of its demographic bonus, where the surge in the productive-age population serves as a potential strategic asset for national development, provided it is managed effectively. However, this dynamic coincides with rapid disruptions from Artificial Intelligence (AI) and digitalization, which are restructuring the labor market through automation and shifting competence requirements. Without proactive measures to develop an adaptive workforce, this potential demographic advantage risks turning into a national vulnerability. This study aims to analyze the challenges of the demographic bonus and the transformation of the employment landscape driven by AI through the lens of Indonesia's geostrategy to reinforce national resilience. Utilizing a qualitative descriptive method with a literature review approach, this study finds that the emergence of AI acts as a double-edged sword: it offers high economic efficiency while simultaneously posing a risk of structural unemployment due to a widening skills gap. The findings indicate that optimizing the demographic bonus in the digital era demands integrative national policy reforms, including upgrading educational quality, accelerating digital literacy, and cultivating a resilient labor ecosystem to sustain national resilience.
References
[1] M. C. Anwar, "Tantangan skills gap angkatan kerja muda dalam menghadapi otomatisasi kecerdasan buatan di Indonesia," Jurnal Ketenagakerjaan Nasional, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 112–127, 2024.
[2] Badan Pusat Statistik, Laporan keadaan angkatan kerja di Indonesia Agustus 2025, BPS RI, 2025.
[3] I. G. N. Bagus and M. S. Utama, "Optimalisasi bonus demografi dalam menghadapi era disrupsi teknologi di Indonesia," Jurnal Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Publik, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 45–58, 2024.
[4] D. E. Bloom, M. Kuhn, and K. Prettner, "Modern technology and the future of work: Lessons from the East Asian miracle for developing nations," World Development, vol. 141, p. 105–119, 2021.
[5] J. W. Creswell and J. D. Creswell, Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches, 4th ed. SAGE Publications, 2014.
[6] Kementerian Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional/Bappenas, Rancangan rencana pembangunan jangka panjang nasional (RPJPN) 2025-2045: Indonesia Emas, Bappenas, 2023.
[7] Lembaga Ketahanan Nasional Republik Indonesia (Lemhannas RI), Modul pengantar geostrategi Indonesia dan ketahanan nasional, Lemhannas RI, 2023.
[8] J. Manyika, M. Chui, and J. Bughin, "Artificial intelligence for the next generation: Global labor market shifts," McKinsey Global Institute, Tech. Rep., 2024.
[9] M. B. Miles, A. M. Huberman, and J. Saldaña, Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook, 3rd ed. SAGE Publications, 2014.
[10] S. Nugroho and A. Wijayanto, "Geostrategi ketahanan nasional dalam pusaran disrupsi teknologi siber dan kecerdasan buatan," Jurnal Ketahanan Nasional, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 78–95, 2025.
[11] R. Pratama, K. Suryadi, and H. Wijaya, "Transformasi ketenagakerjaan di era kecerdasan buatan: Tantangan hukum dan regulasi adaptif di Indonesia," Jurnal Ilmiah Administrasi Publik, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 210–223, 2024.
[12] K. Schwab, The fourth industrial revolution, Currency, 2021.
[13] I. W. Sukarta, "Kesiapan sumber daya manusia Indonesia dalam menyongsong transformasi digital industri 4.0," Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen dan Bisnis, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 302–315, 2023.
[14] T. Tambunan, Perekonomian Indonesia: Tantangan bonus demografi dan jebakan pendapatan menengah, Pustaka LP3ES, 2022.
[15] H. Widiono and B. Susanto, "Dampak otomatisasi berbasis kecerdasan buatan pada pasar kerja sektor jasa di Indonesia," Jurnal Ekonomi Digital, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 145–160, 2023.
[16] International Labour Organization, ASEAN in Transformation: The Future of Jobs at Risk of Automation, ILO Bureau for Employers' Activities, Bangkok, 2016.
[17] McKinsey & Company, Automation and the Future of Work in Indonesia: Jobs Lost, Jobs Gained, Jobs Changed, McKinsey Global Institute, Jakarta, 2019.
[18] Ministry of Manpower Singapore, "Enterprise Workforce Transformation Package and Tripartite Jobs Council initiatives," May Day Rally Address, Singapura, 2026.
[19] Kementerian Digital Malaysia, Malaysia Digital Economy Blueprint (MyDIGITAL), Putrajaya, 2026.
[20] UNESCO, Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence, Paris, 2021.
[21] Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), OECD AI Principles, Paris, 2024
[22] D. E. Bloom, D. Canning, and J. Sevilla, The Demographic Dividend: A New Perspective on the Economic Consequences of Population Change, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, 2003.
[23] Lenna.AI, "Transformasi layanan perbankan dengan AI: Studi implementasi BNI Call Virtual Assistant," Lenna.AI Insights, 2026.
[24] AI for Indonesia, "Mengoptimalkan layanan pelanggan dengan chatbot berbasis AI," AI for Indonesia Blog, 2025
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Ilmu
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
