HADIS LARANGAN MENCEMARI AIR DAN BATAS SELF-PURIFICATION EKOSISTEM: ANALISIS FIKIH AL-BI’AH
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69714/fm8jq374Keywords:
hadith, water pollution, sanitation, ‘illat al-hukm, fiqh al-bi’ahAbstract
Water pollution and inadequate sanitation remain environmental and public health problems that affect people’s quality of life. In Islam, the Prophet’s hadith contains prohibitions against polluting water, reflecting the importance of cleanliness and public welfare. This study examines the validity of the hadith concerning the prohibition of polluting water, the ‘illat al-hukm underlying it, and its relevance from the perspective of fiqh al-bi’ah to sanitation and water pollution issues. This study aims to analyze the validity of the hadith, identify the ‘illat al-hukm of the prohibition against polluting water, and explain its relevance to the concept of water ecosystem self-purification in modern sanitation. This research employs a library research method with a qualitative-descriptive approach through hadith analysis, fiqh al-bi’ah, and environmental sanitation literature review. The findings show that the hadith prohibiting water pollution is valid and contains principles of preventing public harm, protecting health, and preserving public welfare. The prohibition is not limited to ritual purity but also has ecological relevance to the natural recovery limits of water against pollution. This study concludes that the hadith on prohibiting water pollution has normative and practical relevance as an ethical foundation for addressing contemporary sanitation and water pollution issues.
References
[1] tkarino, “Progress on household drinking water, sanitation and hygiene 2000-2022: Special focus on gender,” UNICEF DATA. Diakses: 11 Juni 2026. [Daring]. Tersedia pada: https://data.unicef.org/resources/jmp-report-2023/
[2] G. F. A. Sari, D. Yolanda, dan R. K. Rajib, “Krisis Air Menangani Penyediaan Air Bersih Di Dunia Yang Semakin Kekurangan Sumber Daya,” J. Ilm. Res. Stud., vol. 1, no. 5, hlm. 334–341, Mei 2024, doi: 10.61722/jirs.v1i5.1373.
[3] T. Hernawati, “Analisis Perilaku Masyarakat Terhadap Program STBM, Stop Buang Air Besar Sembarangan dan Pengolahan Air Minum dan Makanan Rumah tangga di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Plawad,” Holistik Manaj. J. Manaj., vol. 5, no. 2, hlm. 147–158, Des 2025.
[4] M. Rita, “‘Thaharah Dan Kelestarian Air’ (Modul Suplemen Materi Islam Dan Lingkungan Hidup),” Undergraduate, Uin Raden Intan Lampung, 2022. Diakses: 21 Mei 2026. [Daring]. Tersedia pada: https://repository.radenintan.ac.id/17146/
[5] S. B. Sugiharto, Bunga Rampai Lingkungan Hidup. Yogyakarta: Deepublish, 2020.
[6] M. Alvin, "Manfaat Ekologis Air Dalam Perspektif Al-Qur’an Dan Sains Pada Sebuah Studi Tafsir Ekologi," Al Kareem J. Ilmu Al-Quran Dan Tafsir, vol. 2, no. 2, hlm. 52–68, Sep 2024.
[7] A. M. A. Amiruddin, “Air dalam Perspektif Hadis,” Tahdis J. Kaji. Ilmu Al-Hadis, vol. 6, no. 1, 2015, doi: 10.24252/tahdis.v6i1.7139.
[8] B. Ichwayudi, A. Faiz, L. S. Al-Hamdany, G. A. Abror, dan S. Syabrowi, “Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Perspektif Hadis: Kontekstualisasi Pemahaman Perspektif Syuhudi Ismail dan Yusuf Al-Qaradhawi,” KACA Karunia Cahaya Allah J. Dialogis Ilmu Ushuluddin, vol. 15, no. 1, hlm. 68–91, Feb 2025, doi: 10.36781/kaca.v15i1.819.
[9] M. Hamim, “Membumikan Fiqh Lingkungan Dalam Bingkai Sanitasi Aman,” Ahwaluna J. Huk. Kel. Islam, vol. 2, no. 1, hlm. 85–102, Mar 2023, doi: 10.70143/ahwalunajurnalhukumkeluargaislam.v2i1.154.
[10] M. Arif, “Fiqh al-Bi’ah: Studi Historis Konsep Kebersihan dalam Literatur Fikih Klasik dan Kontemporer,” Salimiya J. Studi Ilmu Keagamaan Islam, vol. 4, no. 1, hlm. 22–43, Jun 2023, doi: 10.58401/salimiya.v4i1.953.
[11] F. Hamdi, K. Ladraa, M. Benjammour, A. Hafidzi, dan H. Ilhami, “Integrating Maqashid al-Sharia, Fiqh al-Bi’ah, and Islamic Ethics for Sustainable Water Management: A Case Study of Indonesia,” Al-Ahkam J. Ilmu Syari’ah Dan Huk., vol. 10, no. 1, hlm. 1–19, Jun 2025, doi: 10.22515/alahkam.v10i1.11277.
[12] Ibn al-Qayyim al-Jauziyyah, I‘lām al-Muwaqqi‘īn ‘an Rabb al-‘Ālamīn, vol. 3. beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 1991.
[13] Y. al-Qaradawi, Riʻāyat al-bīʼah fī sharīʻat al-Islām, Al-Ṭabʻah 1. al-Qāhirah: Dār al-Shurūq, 2001.
[14] T. Zubaidah, S. Hamzani, dan Arifin, “Pencemaran Air dan Penentuan Titik Self-Purification Sungai di Kabupaten Banjar,” Al-Ard J. Tek. Lingkung., vol. 7, no. 1, hlm. 18–24, Nov 2021, doi: 10.29080/alard.v7i1.1335.
[15] H. Pasaribu dkk., Metodologi Penelitian. CV. Insight Media, 2026.
[16] U. Sulung dan M. Muspawi, “Memahami sumber data penelitian: Primer, sekunder, dan tersier,” EDU Res., vol. 5, no. 3, hlm. 110–116, Sep 2024, doi: 10.47827/jer.v5i3.238.
[17] R. Malik, R. Susanti, A. Hidir, Resdati, M. Ihsan, dan M. F. Dzulqarnain, “Triangulasi dan Analisis Domain; Meningkatkan Kredibilitas dan Kedalaman Penelitian Kualitatif,” KAMBOTI J. Sos. Dan Hum., vol. 6, no. 1, hlm. 33–41, Des 2025, doi: 10.51135/kambotivol6issue1page33-41.
[18] N. A. Putri dkk., “The Integration of Logical Analysis into the Istinbath Method of Islamic Jurisprudence,” Socius J. Penelit. Ilmu-Ilmu Sos., vol. 3, no. 4, hlm. 208–219, Nov 2025, doi: 10.5281/zenodo.17605051.
[19] I. A.-H. Muslim, Sahih Muslim (Volume 3): With the Full Commentary by Imam Nawawi. Kube Publishing Limited, 2020. [Daring]. Tersedia pada: https://books.google.co.id/books/about/Sahih_Muslim_Volume_3.html?id=gA-5DwAAQBAJ&redir_esc=y
[20] M. S. al-Ḥaqq ʻAẓīmābādī, Aun al-Ma‘būd: Syarḥ Sunan Abī Dāwūd, vol. 1. al-Maktabah al-Salafiyyah, 1968.
[21] An-Nawawī, al-Minhaj fi Sharh Sahih Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj al-musamma ikhtisaran Sharh Sahih Muslim. Dar al-Khayr, 1999.
[22] D. Dainori, “Maslahah Sebagai Teori Penetapan Hukum: Telaah Atas Konsep Maslahah Ibnu Qayyim Al-Jauziyah,” Nizham J. Islam. Stud., vol. 8, no. 01, hlm. 1–10, Mei 2020, doi: 10.32332/nizham.v8i01.2092.
[23] Ibnu Qayyim AlJauziyah, Panduan Hukum Islam (I’lamul Muwaqi’in), Pertama., vol. 3. Jakarta: Pustaka Azzam, 2000. [Daring]. Tersedia pada: https://www.masjidalislah.com/books/Panduan-Hukum-Islam-Ilamul-Muwaqiin-Ibnul-Qayyim-Jawziyyah.pdf
[24] M. U. Indonesia, Air, Kebersihan, Sanitasi dan Kesehatan LIngkungan menurut Agama Islam. Majelis Ulama Indonesia, 2021.
[25] W. A. Fadila, S. Sudarti, dan Y. Yushardi, “Permasalahan Kualitas Air Permukaan Sebagai Sumber Kehidupan Dalam Menjaga Kelestarian Lingkungan,” Opt. J. Pendidik. Fis., vol. 7, no. 2, hlm. 419–427, Des 2023, doi: 10.37478/optika.v7i2.3338.
[26] J. Auda, Maqasid Al-shariah as Philosophy of Islamic Law: A Systems Approach. London: International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT), 2008.
[27] R. R. Arbie, W. D. Nugraha, dan S. Sudarno, “Studi Kemampuan Self Purification Pada Sungai Progo Ditinjau Dari Parameter Organik Do Dan Bod (Point Source : Limbah Sentra Tahu Desa Tuksono, Kecamatan Sentolo, Kabupaten Kulon Progo, Provinsi D.i. YOGYAKARTA),” Journal:eArticle, Diponegoro University, 2015. Diakses: 21 Mei 2026. [Daring]. Tersedia pada: https://www.neliti.com/publications/144741/
[28] L. Sembel, “Analisis Beban Pencemar Dan Kapasitas Asimilasi Di Estuari Sungai Belau Teluk Lampung,” Maspari J., vol. 4, no. 2, hlm. 178–183, 2012.
[29] Hefni. Effendi, Telaah Kualitas Air: Bagi Pengelolaan Sumber Daya dan Perairan. PT Kanisius, (2008).
[30] Nisva, Nisva Oktaviani, “Dampak Pencemaran Air terhadap Ekosistem Perairan dan Kesehatan Masyarakat,” KABELO, vol. 1, no. 1, hlm. 22–28, Jan 2025.
[31] “WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Program for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (JMP) – Progress on household drinking water, sanitation and hygiene 2000-2022: Special focus on gender,” UN-Water. Diakses: 24 Mei 2026. [Daring]. Tersedia pada: https://www.unwater.org/publications/who/unicef-joint-monitoring-program-update-report-2023
[32] “Indonesia: Nearly 70 per cent of household drinking water sources contaminated by faecal waste.” Diakses: 24 Mei 2026. [Daring]. Tersedia pada: https://www.unicef.org/indonesia/press-releases/indonesia-nearly-70-cent-household-drinking-water-sources-contaminated-faecal-waste
[33] M. A. Sabjan dan U. Z. M. Ghazali, “Falsafah dan Etika Penggunaan Air dari Perspektif Islam,” International Journal of World Civilizations and Philosophical Studies, vol. 2, no. 2, Feb 2025, Diakses: 24 Mei 2026. [Daring]. Tersedia pada: https://ejournal.usm.my/ijwcps/article/view/4993
[34] S. P. Amanda, D. Alfiyah, A. Aprilianto, dan I. Mashuri, “Urgensi Fikih Lingkungan di Indonesia,” Pros. Nas. Pascasarj. IAIN Kediri, vol. 7, hlm. 23–34, Nov 2024.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Ilmu
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
